Configuring SNMP   3

  This chapter describes how to configure SNMP on the PortMaster 4 and includes the following topics:

•  "Understanding SNMP" on page 3-1
•  "Livingston Extensions" on page 3-5
•  "Configuring SNMP" on page 3-12

  If you want to configure SNMP and are already familiar with SNMP concepts and the Livingston extensions, go to the "Configuring SNMP" section.

       Understanding SNMP

  The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application-layer protocol that allows devices to communicate management information. You can configure the PortMaster to provide network and device information via SNMP to a network management system (NMS). You must have NMS software to use SNMP.

  SNMP consists of the following parts:

•  SNMP agent (provided in ComOS)
•  SNMP manager (not provided)
•  Management Information Base (MIB) (PortMaster variables provided by ComOS)

  SNMP specifies the message format for exchanging information between the SNMP manager and an SNMP agent.

  The SNMP agent returns values for Management Information Base (MIB) variables that can be changed or queried by the SNMP manager. The agent gathers information from the MIB, which resides on the target device. MIB information can include device parameters and network status. The agent is capable of responding to requests to get or set data from the manager.

  PortMaster products support MIB II variables as specified in RFC 1213, along with a MIB specific to PortMaster products. SNMP management can be enabled for any PortMaster. Lucent InterNetworking Systems ships configuration files compatible with various network management packages along with the PMVision software.

       PortMaster 4 MIB Information

  The Lucent Technologies PortMaster products and PMVision support multiprotocol carrier capacity WAN access. The PortMaster 4 enables public carriers, ISPs, and major network providers to offer a variety of services such as dial-up; V.90, K56flex, or V.34 modems; ISDN, and T1, E1, or T3 leased line connections; and Frame Relay connections.

 

MIB Specification Overview

  The PortMaster 4 MIB conforms to the first version of the Structure of Management Information (SMIv1) (RFCs 1212 and 1213). The private MIB for the product describes the data for configuration, fault, performance, security, and accounting management.

•  Chassis MIB
•  Configuration management (equipment, physical interfaces, and logical interfaces)
•  Fault management (fault detection and fault isolation traps)
•  Performance management (interfaces)
•  Security management (MIB access control)
•  Administration management (read-write community and trap community)

  PortMaster products also support MIB II objects, and the enterprise-specific traps provide information about several alarm conditions that can be enabled or disabled. The traps are generated as SNMPv1 traps.

  The PortMaster 4 SNMP agent supports the SNMPv1 protocol. The agent listens on UDP port 161 for SNMP protocol data units (PDUs). The agent processes the PDUs and forwards the responses to the management stations using SNMP response PDUs.

  The MIB module LE41  specifies the first revision of the private MIB for the PortMaster 4. It includes only the physical equipment--chassis, T1, E1, and T3 lines; modems; serial ports; and Ethernet interfaces.

  The livingston.mib  file is in the SNMP directory of the ComOS software, and on the World Wide Web at http://www.livingston.com/marketing/products/pmtempl.html .

       Examining the MIB Structure

  The entire Management Information Base (MIB) hierarchy can be represented by a tree structure. In this representation, the unnamed "root" of the tree divides into the following main branches:

•  Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT)
•  International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
•  ISO/CCITT

  Each branch and subbranch in the tree structure is known as an object , and each object is represented by an object name  and an object identifier  (OID). Figure 3-1 traces the "path" from the ISO branch of the MIB to the Livingston MIB.

  OIDs provide compact representations of object names. An OID shows the position of an object in the MIB hierarchy. As shown in Figure 3-1, the OID for the Livingston MIB is 1.3.6.1.4.1.307.

  Figure 3-1 Management Information Base (MIB) Hierarchy

  Figure 3-2 shows the tree structure of the private Livingston portion of the MIB.

  Figure 3-2 Part of MIB Structure showing PortMaster Port C0

  Reading from the top down, the object identifier (OID) in Figure 3-2 (307.3.2.1.1.1.2) breaks out as follows:

•  307 refers to the Livingston namespace.
•  3 refers to the MIB.
•  2 refers to interfaces.
•  1 refers to serial interfaces.
•  1 refers to the serial interfaces table.
•  1 refers to an entry in the serial interfaces table.
•  2 refers to the PortName variable.

  The SNMP manager queries the agents by means of OIDs. Each OID uniquely identifies a single MIB variable. For example, the OID 307.3.2.1.1.1.2.0 returns the port name for port C0, and the OID 307.3.2.1.1.1.2.1 returns the port name for port C1 (see Table 3-1).

  Table 3-1 Partial View of the Livingston Serial Interfaces Table 

 

OID		Interface (C0 and C1)
...307.3.2.1.1.1.1		Index
...307.3.2.1.1.1.2		PortName
...307.3.2.1.1.1.3		PhysType
...307.3.2.1.1.1.4		User
...307.3.2.1.1.1.5		SessionId
...307.3.2.1.1.1.6		Type
...307.3.2.1.1.1.7		Direction

       Livingston Extensions

  This section lists the following tables from the Livingston Extensions section of the MIB:

•  "PortMaster Serial Interfaces" on page 3-5
•  "PortMaster T1 and E1 Interfaces" on page 3-7
•  "PortMaster Internal Modem Table" on page 3-8
•  "PortMaster Billing and Accounting Information Table" on page 3-9
•  "PortMaster Call Event Status Table" on page 3-10
•  "PortMaster Board Call Summary Table" on page 3-11
•  "PortMaster Line Call Summary Table" on page 3-11

       PortMaster Serial Interfaces

  The PortMaster Serial Interfaces table (Table 3-2) in the Livingston Extensions section of the MIB lists all serial interface entries.

  Table 3-2 PortMaster Serial Interfaces MIB Table  

 

Object	Definition
livingstonSerialIndex	Unique value for each serial interface.
livingstonSerialPortName	Text string containing the name of the serial interface (for example, C0, W1, and so on).
livingstonSerialPhysType	Type of physical serial interface, distinguished according to the physical or link protocol(s) currently being used on the interface.
livingstonSerialUser	Name of the active user. Blank if not active.
livingstonSerialSessionId	Unique session identifier that matches the RADIUS session ID.
livingstonSerialType	Active type of service being provided by the serial interface.
livingstonSerialDirection	Direction in which the active session was initiated.
livingstonSerialPortStatus	Status of the serial interface.
livingstonSerialStarted	Amount of time this session has been active.
livingstonSerialIdle	Amount of time this session has been idle.
livingstonSerialInSpeed	Estimate of the current inbound bandwidth in bits per second of the serial interface.
livingstonSerialOutSpeed	Estimate of the current outbound bandwidth in bits per second of the serial interface.
livingstonSerialModemName	Text string containing the name of the digital modem in use by the serial interface.
livingstonSerialIpAddress	IP address associated with the serial interface. When characterizing a network port, this value is the IP address of the remote user. When characterizing a device or login port, this value is the IP address of the host to which the user is connected.
livingstonSerialifDescr	Text string containing information about the network interface bound to the serial interface.
livingstonSerialInOctets	Total number of octets received on the serial interface.
livingstonSerialOutOctets	Total number of octets transmitted on the serial interface.
livingstonSerialQOctets	Total number of octets queued on the serial interface.
livingstonSerialModemStatus	Status of the modem used by the serial interface.
livingstonSerialModemCompression	Compression type being used in the modem or by the serial interface.
livingstonSerialModemProtocol	Error-correcting protocol being used in the modem or by the serial interface.
livingstonSerialModemRetrains	Number of retrains attempted by the modem attached to the serial interface.
livingstonSerialModemRenegotiates	Number of renegotiations attempted by the modem attached to the serial interface.

       PortMaster T1 and E1 Interfaces

  The PortMaster T1 and E1 Interface table (Table 3-3) in the Livingston Extensions section of the MIB provides configuration and statistics for the T1 and E1 interfaces that connect directly to the telephone company.

  Table 3-3 PortMaster T1 and E1 Interfaces MIB Table 

 

Object	Definition
livingstonT1E1Index	Unique value for each T1E1 interface.
livingstonT1E1PhysType	Type of interface (T1 or E1).
livingstonT1E1Function	Configured function of the interface.
livingstonT1E1Status	Current operational state of the interface. Operational states include the following:   · Up (1)   · Down (2)   · Loopback (3)
livingstonT1E1Framing	Configured line framing. Line framing types include the following:   · Extended superframe (ESF) (1)   · D4 (2)   · Cyclic redundancy check (CRC4) (3)   · Frame Alignment Signal (FAS) (4)
livingstonT1E1Encoding	Configured line signal encoding.
livingstonT1E1PCM	Configured voice modulation (pulse code modulation).
livingstonT1E1ChangeTime	Amount of time this interface has been up or down.
livingstonT1E1RecvLevel	Estimate of the current receive signal level, in decibels, of the interface.
livingstonT1E1BlueAlarms	Total number of blue alarms on the interface.
livingstonT1E1YellowAlarms	Total number of yellow alarms on the interface.
livingstonT1E1CarrierLoss	Total number of times the interface has lost the carrier signal.
livingstonT1E1SyncLoss	Total number of times the interface has lost frame synchronizations.
livingstonT1E1BipolarErrors	Total number of line code violations detected on the interface.
livingstonT1E1CRCErrors	Total number of frame-level CRC errors detected on the interface.
livingstonT1E1SyncErrors	Total number of frame synchronization errors detected on the interface.

       PortMaster Internal Modem Table

  The PortMaster Internal Modem table (Table 3-4) in the Livingston Extensions section of the MIB lists the objects in the internal modem table.

  Table 3-4 PortMaster Internal Modem MIB Table 

 

Object Type	Definition
livingstonModemIndex	Unique value for each modem interface.
livingstonModemPortName	Textual string containing the name of the serial interface (for example, S0, S1, and so on).
livingstonModemStatus	Current state of the modem.
livingstonModemProtocol	Error-correcting protocol being used in the modem.
livingstonModemCompression	Compression being used in the modem interface.
livingstonModemInSpeed	Estimate of the modem interface's current inbound bandwidth in bits per second.
livingstonModemOutSpeed	Estimate of the modem interface's current outbound bandwidth in bits per second.
livingstonModemInByteCount	Total number of bytes received by the modem.
livingstonModemOutByteCount	Total number of bytes transmitted by the modem.
livingstonModemRetrains	Number of retrains attempted by the modem.
livingstonModemRenegotiates	Number of renegotiations attempted by the modem.
livingstonModemCalls	Number of times a call was received by the modem.
livingstonModemDetects	Number of analog calls received by the modem.
livingstonModemConnects	Number of successful calls received by the modem.

       PortMaster Billing and Accounting Information Table

  The PortMaster Billing and Accounting Information table (Table 3-5) in the Livingston Extensions section of the MIB lists call events that can be used for billing.

  Table 3-5 PortMaster Billing and Accounting Information MIB Table 

 

Object	Definition
livingstonAMCEIndex	Index into the call event table. The table stores call events that can be used for billing.
livingstonAMCESessId	Session ID for the current session. This ID must be unique across all the sessions and across reboots.
livingstonAMCETimeStamp	Time stamp for this event in seconds since the last reboot.
livingstonAMCEType	Type of event associated with this entry in the call event table.
livingstonAMCESvcType	The type of service provided to the user. This field is meaningful if the event type is servicechanged(4), or namechanged(5) events. In all other cases, this object must return none(1).
livingstonAMCEUName	Username of the dial-in user. This object returns the valid username when the event type is servicechanged(4) or namechanged(5). In all other cases, it returns a NULL.
livingstonAMCEModemBoard	Board ID for the modem that handled this call. This value can be used to diagnose modem-related problems (dropping the call, retraining too frequently, and so on).
livingstonAMCEModemID	ID of the internal modem that handled this call. This object can be used to diagnose modem-related problems.
livingstonAMCEModemPort	Serial interface (S0, S1) on which the call was received.
livingstonAMCEModemName	Name of the modem interface (for example, M0...M95).
livingstonAMCEDataRate	Speed of this connection. Speed is specified as baud rate for modem calls and a receive data rate for ISDN calls. This object returns a 0 for call answered and call cleared events.
livingstonAMCECallingPartyID	Calling party ID. This object is valid only for call answered, call originated, and call cleared events. For all invalid event types, this object is set to NULL.
livingstonAMCEInOctets	Total octets received during this call. This object is cleared at the end of each call.
livingstonAMCEOutOctets	Total octets sent out during this call. This object is cleared at the end of each call.
livingstonAMCECallCharge	Call charge for this call. This object is valid only when the event is call cleared. For all other events this object is set to zero (0).
livingstonAMCEDisconnReason	Reason for the disconnection.

       PortMaster Call Event Status Table

  The PortMaster Call Event Status table (Table 3-6) in the Livingston Extensions section of the MIB lists call events that can be queried for call status on a particular modem port, and the action that can be taken to terminate the call.

  Table 3-6 PortMaster Call Event Status MIB Table 

 

Object	Definition
livingstonAMPortVTSSsnId	Session ID used by the VTS table to index and query the status of the call on a given modem port. This table can also be used to take appropriate action to terminate the session.
livingstonAMPortVTSModemBoard	Specifies the modem board number for the given session ID handling the call.
livingstonAMPortVTSModemId	Specifies the modem ID (0, 1, ...95) for the given session ID handling the call.
livingstonAMPortVTSModemName	Specifies the modem name (M0...M95) for the given session ID handling the call.
livingstonAMPortVTSSerialPort	Specifies the serial port number (S0...S95)for the given session ID handling the call.
livingstonAMPortVTSSvcType	Specifies the service type for the given session.
livingstonAMPortVTSUName	Username of the dial-in user for the given session. If the session is terminated, it returns a NULL.
livingstonAMPortVTSCallStatus	Port status. If the port is currently handling a call, it is set to active(2); if the call on this port is terminated, it is set to terminated(3). If the session ID does not match the session ID for the current call, this object is set to unknown(1).
livingstonAMPortVTSTerminateCall	When set to any value, this object terminates the call on the corresponding modem port.

       PortMaster Board Call Summary Table

  The PortMaster Board Call Summary table (Table 3-7) from the Livingston Extensions section of the MIB contains a summary of calls on a per board basis. The rows in the table correspond to the slots in the PortMaster 4, and the columns specify the type of calls as V.90, V.34, ISDN, and so on. This object is not accessible.

  Table 3-7 PortMaster Board Call Summary MIB Table 

 

Object	Definition
livingstonPMBrdCallSumBrdId	Board ID used as an index into the call summary table. The valid board IDs are the numbers of the physical slots that hold T1 or E1 boards--0 through 9 except for 4, which is reserved for the manager module.
livingstonPMBrdCallSumCapacity	Capacity of this T1 or E1 board.
livingstonPMBrdCallSumIsdnCalls	Current total of all ISDN calls handled by this T1 or E1 board.
livingstonPMBrdCallSumV90Calls	Current total of all V.90, K56flex and 56Kbps calls handled by this T or E1 board.
livingstonPMBrdCallSumV34Calls	Current total of all V.34, 33.6Kbps, and 28.8Kbps calls handled by this T1 or E1 board.
livingstonPMBrdCallSumOther	Current total of all other types of calls not handled by the other objects in this table.

       PortMaster Line Call Summary Table

  The PortMaster Line Call Summary table (Table 3-8) from the Livingston Extensions section of the MIB contains a summary of calls on a per line basis. The rows in the table correspond to the lines, and the columns specify the type of calls as V.90, V.34, ISDN, and so on. This object is not accessible.

  Table 3-8 PortMaster Line Call Summary MIB Table 

 

Object	Definition
livingstonPMT1E1CallSumIfId	Index into the call summary table. The valid line IDs are the T1 or E1 lines, which can range from 1 through 36 for T1 or 1 through 27 for E1.
livingstonPMT1E1CallSumCapacity	Sum of all types of calls handled by this T1 or E1 line.
livingstonPMT1E1CallSumV90Calls	Sum of all V.90, K56flex and 56Kbps calls handled by this T1 or E1 line.
livingstonPMT1E1CallSumV34Calls	Sum of all V.34, 33.6Kbps, and 28.8Kbps calls handled by this T1 or E1 line.
livingstonPMT1E1CallSumOther	Sum of all other types of calls not handled by the other objects in this table.

       Configuring SNMP

  The rest of this chapter describes how to configure SNMP using the command line interface, and includes the following topics:

•  "Setting SNMP Monitoring" on page 3-12
•  "Setting SNMP Read and Write Community Strings" on page 3-12
•  "Adding SNMP Read and Write Hosts" on page 3-13
•  "Viewing SNMP Settings" on page 3-13
•  "Monitoring SNMP Alarms" on page 3-14

       Setting SNMP Monitoring

  Simple Network Management protocol (SNMP) monitoring is used to set and collect information on SNMP-capable devices. This feature is most often used to monitor network statistics such as usage and error rate.

  If SNMP monitoring is on, the PortMaster accepts SNMP queries. If SNMP monitoring is off, all SNMP queries are ignored.

  To turn SNMP monitoring on or off, use the following commands:

  Command> set  snmp  on |off
 Command> save  all
 Command> reboot 

       Setting SNMP Read and Write Community Strings

  Community strings allow you to control access to the MIB information on selected SNMP devices. The read and write community strings act like passwords to permit access to the SNMP agent's information. Every device allowed to access or read the MIB information must know the read community string. The default read community string is public . Before information can be set on the SNMP agent, the write community string must be known by the device. The default write community string is private . Community strings must be set on SNMP agents so that configuration information is not changed by unauthorized users.

  To use this feature, you must set both  a read community string and a write community string for your network.

  To set SNMP read and write community strings, use the following command:

  Command> set  snmp  readcommunity |writecommunity  String

  Note ¯ Use of the default write community string--private --is strongly discouraged. Because it is the default, it is known to all users and therefore provides no security. Use another value for the write community string.

       Adding SNMP Read and Write Hosts

  PortMaster products allow you to control SNMP security by specifying the IP addresses of the hosts that are allowed to access SNMP information. The specification of read and write hosts allows another level of security beyond the community strings. If SNMP hosts are specified, each host attempting to access SNMP information must not only possess the correct community string, it must also be on the read or write host list. This additional level of security allows only authorized SNMP managers to access or change sensitive MIB information.

  You can also specify a list of hosts allowed to read or write SNMP information. You can permit all hosts or you can deny all hosts.

  Note ¯ Permitting all hosts to read and write SNMP information can compromise security and is not recommended.

  To add SNMP read and write hosts, use the following command:

  Command> add  snmphost  reader |writer  any |none |Ipaddress

  To delete read and write hosts, use the following command:

  Command> delete  snmphost  reader |writer  Ipaddress

       Viewing SNMP Settings

  Settings for SNMP monitoring, read and write community strings, and read and write hosts are stored in the SNMP table.

  To display the SNMP table, enter the following command:

  Command> show  table  snmp 

       Monitoring SNMP Alarms

  When an interface or modem fails, the SNMP agent traps the error message generated by the failure and sends it to the SNMP manager.

  To view the status of failed modems or interfaces from the command line interface, enter the following command:

  Command> show alarms

  The output of this command lists alarm messages and associated alarm identification numbers. For details about a specific alarm, enter the following command:

  Command> show alarm [alarm-id]

  To clear alarms from the SNMP alarm table, enter the following command:

  Command> clear alarm alarm-id|all

  Refer to the PortMaster 4 Command Line Reference for more information.