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OSPF Routing   8

  This chapter describes the commands you use to configure the PortMaster when using the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. ComOS release 4.0 does not support dial-in and dial-out OSPF.
  See the PortMaster Routing Guide  for OSPF configuration instructions and examples.
  Large OSPF routing tables might require the PortMaster to be upgraded to 4MB or 16MB of memory. See the PortMaster 4 Installation Guide for more information.

  Note ¯ After making changes to an OSPF configuration, you must use the save all  and reset ospf  commands to ensure that the changes take effect and are retained after PortMaster reboots.

 

       Displaying OSPF Information

  To display OSPF information on the console, use the following commands:
  For general information about using the command line interface, refer to Chapter 1, "Introduction."
 

       Summary of OSPF Commands

  The OSPF commands summarized in Table 8-1 allow you to configure the PortMaster to use the OSPF IP routing protocol.

  Table 8-1 OSPF Commands 

 
  Command Syntax     
 add ospf area Area  - see page 8-3
 add propagation Protocol(src) Protocol(dest) Metric Filtername  - see page 7-3
 add route Ipaddress[/NM] IPaddress(gw) Metric  - see page 7-13
 delete ospf area Area  - see page 8-4
 delete propagation Protocol(src) Protocol(dest)  - see page 7-3
 ifconfig  - see page 2-9 and
page 8-4
 reset ospf  - see page 8-5
 reset propagation  - see page 7-5
 save ospf  - see page 8-5
 set default on|off|broadcast|listen  - see page 7-16
 set debug ospf on|off  - see page 14-11
 set Ether0 ospf accept-rip on|off  - see page 8-6
 set Ether0 ospf on|off
[cost Number][hello-interval Seconds][dead-time Seconds] 		 - see page 8-6
 set Ether0|C0|S0|W1|user Username| location Locname
route-filter in|out [Filtername] 		 - see page 7-8
 set S0|S10|W1 ospf on|off [cost Number] [hello-interval Seconds][dead-time Seconds][nbma|point-to-multipoint|wan-as-stub-ptmp]  - see page 8-7
 set ospf area Area external on|off  - see page 8-9
 set ospf area Area md5 Number String  - see page 8-10
 set ospf area Area nssa on|off  - see page 8-10
 set ospf area Area password String  - see page 8-11
 set ospf area Area range Prefix/NM [advertise|quiet|off]  - see page 8-12
 set ospf area Area stub-default-cost Number  - see page 8-13
 set ospf enable|disable  - see page 8-13
 set ospf priority Number  - see page 8-14
 set ospf router-id Ipaddress|Number  - see page 8-15
 show ospf areas  - see page 8-15
 show ospf links [router|network|summary|external|nssa]  - see page 8-18
 show ospf neighbor  - see page 8-20
 show propagation  - see page 7-24
 show routes [String|Prefix/NM]  - see page 8-22
 show table ospf  - see page 8-15
 

       OSPF Commands

  These commands are used for configuring OSPF routing protocol on the PortMaster. ComOS release 4.0 does not support dial-in and dial-out OSPF.
  The order of OSPF configuration is very important. First enable the use of OSPF on the PortMaster, then set priority (and router ID if desired), then set areas and ranges, and finally enable OSPF for the interfaces. See the PortMaster  Routing  Guide  for more information.
 

       add ospf area

  This command adds an area to the area tables of the router.

  add ospf area Area

 
 Area    Area specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation. A 32-bit number.

  An OSPF area is a contiguous set of routers sharing network segments between them. Routers can be in more than one area, in which case they are area border routers. All routers must have at least one interface in area 0.0.0.0, known as the backbone area. Choose 0.0.0.0 if you have only one OSPF area.

  Note ¯ Lucent does not currently support the use of virtual links either to create a noncontiguous area or to allow an area border router to be indirectly attached to the backbone.

  set ospf area range - page 8-12
 

       delete ospf area

  This command deletes an area from the area table of the router.

  delete ospf area Area

 
 Area  Area specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
A 32-bit number.

 

       ifconfig

  This command displays configuration values for all interfaces, and is described more fully on page 2-9. Examples of output are given here to illustrate how ifconfig  shows OSPF state parameters for the interface, with the identity of the designated router (DR), backup designated router (BACKUP), and other (DROTHER) routers on the network.

  ifconfig

 

       reset ospf

  This command recreates startup conditions with OSPF.

  Caution ¯ Resetting OSPF can cause connections to be lost.

  reset ospf

  Use this command to remove the old MD5 authentication key numbers and secrets, and reset all active neighbors to use the new key numbers and secrets. MD5 is the
Message-Di gest Algorithm from RSA Data Security, Inc., as defined in RFC 1321. You can also use this command to restart OSPF routing, allowing any configuration changes to take effect without a reboot of the PortMaster.
 

       save ospf

  This command writes any changes in the OSPF area table configuration to the nonvolatile memory of the PortMaster.

  save ospf

  The save all  command can also be used, and is required if you want to save global OSPF information, such as the OSPF ID or the OSPF priority.
 

       set Ether0 ospf accept-rip

  This command allows the propagation of RIP routes learned on this Ethernet interface into OSPF as Type 2 external routes.

  set Ether0 ospf accept-rip on|off

 
 Ether0  Ethernet interface.
 on  Enables the propagation of RIP routes into OSPF .
 off  Disables the propagation of RIP routes into OSPF.
This is the default.

  When routers run both RIP and OSPF on a network, the RIP routes learned from non-OSPF routers on a network can be translated into OSPF Type 2 external routes. Use this command when you need to enable the propagation of the learned RIP routes into OSPF areas.
  However, if the RIP routes learned from the Ethernet interface come from routers that are always running OSPF as well as RIP, leave this command set to the off  default to avoid duplicating the route information.
 

       set Ether0 ospf

  This command enables or disables the OSPF protocol and allows optional settings on an Ethernet interface.

  set Ether0 ospf on|off [cost Number] [hello-interval Seconds]
[dead-time Seconds]

 
 Ether0  Ethernet interface. See page 4-3 for more information.
 on  Enables OSPF on the Ethernet interface.
 off  Disables OSPF on the Ethernet interface.
 cost  Cost of sending a packet on the interface. This value is also known as the link state metric. The range is 0 to 15. Lower-cost routes are preferred.
 Number  Assigned cost for the interface--a 16-bit number between 1 and 65535. The default is 1.
 hello-interval Seconds  Interval that must elapse between the transmission of hello packets on the interface. The range is 10 to 120 seconds; the default is 10 seconds.
 dead-time Seconds  Number of seconds the PortMaster waits after ceasing to receive a neighbor router's hello packets and before identifying the remote router as unreachable. The range is 40 to 1200 seconds; the default is 40 seconds.

  The order of OSPF configuration is important. First set priority (and router ID if desired), then set areas and ranges, and finally enable OSPF for the interfaces.

  Note ¯ LMake sure you set the same cost  value, hello-interval  value, and dead-time  value for all routers attached to a common network.

 

       set S0|W1 ospf

  This command enables or disables the OSPF protocol and allows optional settings on any network hardwired port.

  set S0|W1 ospf on|off [cost Number ] [hello-interval Seconds ] [dead-time Seconds ] [nbma|point-to-multipoint|wan-as-stub-ptmp]

  Note ¯ Enter this command on one line, without any breaks. The line breaks shown here are due to the limited space available.

 
 S0  Asynchronous port or ISDN PRI port--configured as a network hardwired port.
 W1  Synchronous port--configured as a network hardwired port.
 on  Enables OSPF on the selected interface.
 off  Disables OSPF on the selected interface.
 cost  Cost of sending a packet on the interface--also known as the link state metric.
 Number  Assigned cost for the interface--a 16-bit number between 1 and 65535. The default is 1.
 hello-interval Seconds  Interval that must elapse between the transmission of hello packets on the interface. The range is 10 to 120 seconds; the default is 10 seconds.
 dead-time Seconds  Number of seconds the PortMaster waits after ceasing to receive a neighbor router's hello packets and before identifying the remote router as unreachable. The range is 40 to 1200 seconds; the default is 40 seconds.
 nbma  Optionally sets the port as the interface to a nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) Frame Relay network that has full mesh connectivity and all routers on the Frame Relay running OSPF.  If you set the port to this value, a designated router is elected on the Frame Relay network, and overall OSPF traffic overhead is reduced.  This is the default behavior.
 point-to-multipoint  Optionally sets the port as the interface to a point-to-multipoint Frame Relay network. Use this setting when the Frame Relay network has partial mesh connectivity, or when all OSPF speakers on the network cannot communicate with each other.  If you set the port to this value, the partially meshed Frame Relay network is modeled as a series of point-to-point  interfaces.
 wan-as-stub-ptmp  Optionally sets the port as the interface to a point-to-multipoint WAN-as-stub Frame Relay network. This setting works similarly to point-to-multipoint , but is used in cases when the PortMaster must interoperate with other-vendor equipment that implements a variant of point-to-multipoint .  If you set the port to this value, the Frame Relay network is advertised as a stub network in the router link state advertisement (LSA), as opposed to the standard host route.
 

  The order of OSPF configuration is very important. First set priority (and router ID if desired), then set areas and ranges, and finally enable OSPF for the interfaces.
  To determine whether to set the port as point-to-multipoint  instead of nbma , use the show route  command and the show ospf links  command. If show routes  displays no routes learned over the Frame Relay interface, and show ospf links  displays a large number of routes that might be available, configure the interface as point-to-multipoint .
  To determine whether to set the port as point-to-multipoint  or wan-as-stub-ptmp , use the show  ospf  links  command to check the router LSAs of your neighbors on the Frame Relay network:
  show routes - page 8-22

 

 

       set ospf area external

  This command allows the propagation of external routes into the OSPF area.

  set ospf area Area external on|off

 
 Area    OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
 on  Designates this area as a transit area.
 off  Designates this area as a stub area.

  This command lets you define an area as a transit or stub area. Typically, the backbone area (0.0.0.0) is always defined as a transit area.
  In contrast, a stub area does not attach to any area except the backbone, and has no exit other than to the backbone area. As a result, external routes are not propagated to stub areas, which must be given a default route to reach external destinations. Use the set ospf area stub-default-cost  command to enable an area border router to create and inject default routes to stub areas.
 

       set ospf area md5

  This command sets the secret for the OSPF area using the Message-Digest Algorithm (MD5) from RSA Data Security, Inc., as defined in RFC 1321.

  Caution ¯ Do not overwrite the current key number with the same number; doing so causes the secret to be lost immediately.

  set ospf area Area md5 Number String

 
 Area  OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
 Number  Key ID number associated with the MD5 secret. An integer from 1 to 255.
 String  MD5 secret; an ASCII string of 1 to 16 characters.

  All routers in the area must have the same key number that is associated with the MD5 secret.
  When an MD5 key number and secret are changed, both the old and the new key numbers and secrets remain valid until a PortMaster reboot  or a reset ospf  command is issued. This feature facilitates the updating of area router information.
 

       set ospf area nssa

  This command sets an OSPF area as a not-so-stubby area (NSSA), defined in RFC 1587.

  set ospf area Area nssa on|off

 
 Area  Address of the OSPF area being configured, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
 on  Sets the OSPF area as an NSSA.
 off  Disables the area as an NSSA.

  NSSAs are very similar to stub areas, except that Type 1 and Type 2 external routes can be learned from them. Any external routes learned from an NSSA are translated into Type 1 and Type 2 external routes for the backbone area or other areas that accept external routes. Like stub areas, default costs can be set for NSSAs, and external routes are not advertised into NSSAs.
  set area stub-default-cost - page 8-13
 

       set ospf area password

  This command sets the password for the OSPF area.

  set ospf area Area password String

 
 Area  OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
 String  Password; an ASCII string of from 1 to 8 characters.

  This command sets a password or key to use when you are communicating to other routers in the area. Not specifying a password indicates that no password is set for the area.
 

       set ospf area range

  This command sets the ranges of network addresses that define an OSPF area and, optionally, the type of route propagation.

  set ospf area Area range Prefix/NM [advertise|quiet|off]

 
 Area  OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
 Prefix  IP prefix shared by all IP addresses within the range.
 /NM  Netmask that indicates the number of high-order bits in an IP address that must match those in Prefix for the address to belong within the area. The netmask value is a number from 1 to 30--for example, /24.
 advertise  Summarizes routes to the networks within the range and propagates them to other areas. This is the default.
 quiet  Does not summarize or propagate routes to the networks within the range.
 off  Removes this range from the area.

  This command is used on an area border router. When you use the advertise  keyword, a summary link is propagated for that range. If you use the quiet  keyword, the summary link is not propagated. You can add multiple ranges for an area by including them in a single command, as shown in the example.
  The maximum number of ranges for a single area supported by the PortMaster 4 is 8 if you are running ComOS 4.0 and 16 if you are running ComOS 4.1.

  Note ¯ Make sure that the ranges set with this command include the addresses for all PortMaster interfaces within this OSPF area.

 

       set ospf area stub-default-cost

  This command enables an area border router to create and advertise the default route (0.0.0.0) in a stub area or a not-so-stubby area (NSSA).

  set ospf area Area stub-default-cost Number

 
 Area  Address of the OSPF area being configured--specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
 Number  Cost given to the default stub or NSSA route. This value is an integer from 0 to 15. Lower-cost routes are preferred. Setting Number  to 0 disables the command.

  Stub areas of an autonomous system can be defined with the set ospf area external off  command. NSSAs can be defined with the set ospf area nssa on  command. External advertisements are not injected into stub areas or NSSAs, and routing to external destinations is based on a default route for each stub area or NSSA. This command enables area border routers to inject the required default route into a stub area or NSSA, but no further.
  set ospf area nssa - page 8-10
 

       set ospf enable|disable

  This command enables or disables the use of OSPF on the PortMaster.

  Note ¯ You must issue the save all  and reboot  commands immediately after issuing the set ospf enable  command, before you can continue with any other OSPF configuration.

  set ospf enable|disable

 
 enable  Enables the use of OSPF on the PortMaster.
 disable  Disables the use of OSPF on the PortMaster and frees the system memory used by OSPF, after the next reboot. This is the default.

  OSPF must be enabled with this command before OSPF can be configured or used on the PortMaster.
 

       set ospf priority

  This command sets the OSPF priority used to determine the designated and backup routers.

  set ospf priority Number

 
 Number  Number from 0 to 255. Choosing 0 means that this router cannot be assigned as a designated router at any time. 0 is the default.

  The priority must be set for each PortMaster running OSPF. If priorities tie, the router ID is used as a tie breaker, with the lower-number ID selected.
  The router with the highest priority on a network segment becomes the designated router. This calculation is performed on each interface separately. For example, the router might be the designated router on Ether0, but not on Ether1. The router with the second highest priority on a network segment is chosen as the backup designated router. The backup designated router takes over as designated router if the designated router is unable to perform its duties.
 

       set ospf router-id

  This command sets the OSPF router address or ID number.

  set ospf router-id Ipaddress|Number

 
 Ipaddress  The OSPF router address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation. If the router address is set to 0.0.0.0, it defaults to the router's Ethernet address.
 Number  A 32-bit number in decimal format. If the router address is set to 0, it defaults to the router's Ethernet address.

  The PortMaster 4 propagates OSPF neighbor information as all zeroes when Ether0 has no IP address configured. Use the set ospf router-id command to ensure that correct information is propagated.
  You must use the save all  and reboot  commands for the settings to take effect.

  Caution ¯ Be careful when using this feature. When you set a new router ID, the links belonging to an old router ID might take as long as 1 hour to expire, and routing instability can result during the expiration period.

 

       show ospf areas

  This command shows information on the configured OSPF areas.

  show ospf areas

  show table ospf

  The command show table ospf  generates the same result as show ospf areas .
 

       show ospf links

  This command shows a summary of the OSPF database with one line per link state advertisement (LSA). By default, router links, network links, summary links, NSSA links, and external links are listed in summary form. For more detailed information use the options separately.

  show ospf links [router|network|summary|external|nssa]

 
 router  Provides more detail for router links.
 network  Provides more detail for network links.
 summary  Provides more detail for summary links.
 external  Provides more detail for external links.
 nssa  Provides more detail for NSSA external links.

 

       show ospf neighbors

  This command shows information about routers directly accessible through your network interfaces.

  show ospf neighbors

  The PortMaster 4 propagates OSPF neighbor information as all zeroes when Ether0 has no IP address configured. Use the set ospf router-id command to ensure that correct information is propagated.
 

       show routes

  This command shows the IP routing table. See the information on routing tables in the PortMaster Routing Guide .

  show routes [String|Prefix/NM]

 
 String  Displays only routes that contain the matching String. For example, show routes ospf  shows only routes that contain the matching string ospf  in a search of the route database.
 Prefix/NM  Displays routes only to the destination indicated by this IP address prefix Prefix and netmask NM. The netmask indicates the number of high-order bits in the IP prefix.

  · Specify Prefix in dotted decimal notation.

  · Specify NM as number from 1 to 32, preceded by a slash (/)--for example, /24.

 
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